Tennis Player Development Essays - Tennis Shots,

Tennis Player Development There are many ways my performance in tennis increased after joining the tennis class. The tennis class gave an insight on strategy, different strokes, serve, and different types of game situations. All of these items are key factors in winning a tennis game with great ease. The class didn't just inform us of these factors, but it made the students in force them. Practicing the factors made us understand more about them and their important properties. There are many differences between a game played in the beginning of the semester and a game played in the end of the semester. There are faster, bigger, more potent shots used in the game. The games are played more smoothly and have a quicker pace. The reason the games run more smoothly is because many students finally understood the strategy of the game. The strategy is an important factor in tennis because it tells you how to put the ball away. My doubles game was effected more than my singles game. We were taught to rush to the net during a doubles match and volley the ball away. This aggressive method puts pressure on the opponent to make unforced errors or allows you the opportunity to put away the ball with great ease. In the singles game, the class taught us to hit the ball deep. This is done so it is hard for an opponent to put away the ball. Also, I learned the "Serve and Volley" method. I wait till a serve is fast and then rush to the net and volley the ball to the corner. My opponent would be all the way back near the service line so he/she would be unable to return it. With basketball and football, strategy is not such an important part of the game unlike tennis. Strategy can help you win important points and help you win the game. Another component to win games is the consistency of the strokes and to know which strokes can help you the most. We learned the forehand the first day of school and became my most valuable weapon. The forehand is the stroke I use to put away the ball or to hit the ball nice and deep where it is difficult for my opponent to return the ball. Before this class I use to run around my backhand. But now instead of running around my backhand I am able to hit it back with some force. Still, my backhand can't put away the ball, but I am able to hit the ball deep. I am able to save some time and get ready to put away the next ball. My volley has improved significantly because I am able to use more angles when I hit the ball. This lets me win easy points during the game with little or no effort. Like me, my opponents have improved their game, so when I come to the net, they easily lob the ball over my head. This is when I use the overhead I learned in the tennis class. With the overhead, I am able to get high speed very easily and I am able to put away the ball. The serve is the biggest difference in my game, because it has gotten more consistent. Unfortunately my serve has dropped in speed for some reason, but I think that is because of not enough practice. But since I am able to place the ball so well, the speed of the ball does not matter. I have become so confident with my first serve that sometimes I use my fast serve during my second serve. I have also found that since I have acquired my new serve I have been winning matches faster. In the last tournament, I won the game in half-hour time period. The serve also makes me less exhausted during the game because I don't have to run for the ball. Another way I learned to conserve my energy is to play differently during certain games. I have learned when your opponent hits the ball with lots of power you should never put away the ball. Instead, you should keep rallying with your opponent until he/she get tired. Sure, you will loose the first few games, but later on in the match, your opponent will not have the energy to chase any balls. People who use placement to win their games, there you have to use power. If you hit the ball with a little

Valik SIlvereye essays

Valik SIlvereye essays ..........2007,2008,2009. The priest counted off his steps through the murky slime that passed for ground in this hellish place. His eyes which could penetrate even the blackest night, couldnt see more than a few feet through the choking gray smoke that apparently covered this whole cursed plane. His once bright white cloak had been quickly dulled to the same bland gray that covered everything else here. From time to time he could glimpse the barbed tip of a wing or a sharply clawed foot of the bat-like demons that seemed to be the only other inhabitants of this desolate land. He winced involuntarily as an old pain in his shoulder decided to show itself again. He had felt those black claws, and the wounds although long healed, still ached from time to time. The wicked bats had learned to stay away from him though. A rare smile crept onto his face then at the memory of the piles of bodies it had taken to teach that lesson. He stopped for a moment and pulled out the fine elv ish sword that hung from his hip. The glow from the blade was an eerie green candle in the smoke. He closed his eyes and felt for the subtle tug from the blade which was his only compass through the land. Shifting his direction slightly, he took another step into the dark water. He was being led somewhere, but by whom and for what purpose he couldnt tell. None of his divinations, or spells that might allow him to escape this place seemed to work here, and his God, the great Corellion Larethion protector of the elves, either wouldnt or couldnt answer his pleas for help. For now he had no choice but to continue on where ever he was being led. He took another step. Damn, he had lost count again. He laughed out loud at the futility of it all. By now he had lost count of the times he had lost count. With a sigh, he began again. 1,2,3................ With a great gasp of air Valik Silvereye opened his eyes, the one silver...

What Plagiarism Is and Tips on How to Elude It

What Plagiarism Is and Tips on How to Elude It Religiously Adhering To The Guidelines: How To Elude Copying In Essay So lets talk about plagiarism, the ‘killer disease that is ailing the better percentage of students’ population and making things worse, the students are not even aware of it. Universities and other educational institutions abhor plagiarism as it is not only slipping its way into students academic lives, but the students are not mindful of it. Often than not, we have received concerns and queries from people requesting that we clear some issues for them. What is plagiarism? Why is it wrong? How do I know I am copying some elses work? How can I remedy it? Luckily for you, this is our area of specialty, and we hold every answer to any question you might have. We have dissected this jargon ‘plagiarism and explain every aspect relating to it ranging from its definition and characterization to the dos and donts. Lets get dicing! Plagiarism, what does it comprise? To be able to put things into more perspective, let us begin with the definition of plagiarism. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, it defines plagiarism as the act of deliberately presenting someone elses work as your own without giving them credit. Note that the definition strongly inclines towards stating the fact that plagiarism involves ‘cheating. University writing prohibits in any account should you copy an assignment from a friend, from the internet or any other study material. It is wise to first start by reviewing what is acceptable and what is not according to the university writing standards. The first outlawed behavior is copying, buying or having someone do an assignment for you. Without saying, this is wrong and I can bet when you are presenting the task to your instructor, your heart beats faster than usual as the fear of getting caught becomes imminent. This statement is not to say that you should not ask for a friends help and opinions or google some answers on the internet, but that you should write your thoughts and not those you have copied from different sources. Moving on swiftly, a fact that is elusive to many students yet frequently practiced is self-plagiarism. Tendering in an essay, dissertation or any other work you had done and submitted for another subject in another class is an offense that can land you in trouble. The most significant attributes that a university can pride itself in is quality education where students get grades that they deserve. Plagiarism puts this objective into jeopardy as it erodes the uprightness and reliability of the universitys education system. As a student, you should endeavor to avoid plagiarism as it is not only cheating, it gives you this false impression that you are performing well when in reality you might be not. It is imperative to know by heart and follow the laid set of guidelines by the university. You might be wondering why you should heed to this advice? The number of things that can go wrong if your secret gets out in the open is frightening. Let us begin with what could go wrong when you are caught cheating before guiding you on how you can evade this menace. Many universities have a protocol on the steps to follow in disciplining a student caught cheating. At the outset, the instructor checks your work and possibly as many universities now do, the instructor passes your paper through plagiarism checker applications such as Turnitin and so on. On the realization that your article does not comprise of your original work, the instructor calls you into his/her office, interrogates you after which they either award you a zero or pass on your case to the dean of students. If the situation is too complicated for the deans office, you can be called in by the principal and who wants to be called in by the principal for not so good reasons? Ignorance is no defense, always remember this as you do your assignments. The number one excuse that most students give when caught is that they were not aware they were committing a writing offense, a clichà © that needs to stop. You must know and apply the guidelines provided by the university to avoid getting yourself in such situations. Again, get conversant with your schools rules. Do not get me wrong, I am not trying to instill fear in or frighten you but open your eyes to the reality of the matter and exactly the fate you will share like many other unfortunate students have. To help you wrap your head around this issue, below is a selection of the most popular questions we get and our professional responses. Citations Unlike high school writing, university level is more demanding of quality, good writing techniques, and evidence to support your claims. In many instances, your professor or course instructor will instruct you to use peer-reviewed journal articles or research papers. The problem comes in when you use other peoples thoughts, opinions or suggestions without referencing or giving them, credit and it culminates to plagiarism. Therefore, it is important to cite every information you outsource. The essence of citations Citing is important because it indicates that you have conducted vast research on your paper and you took your time in preparing it. Instructors and professors award grades to students according to their judgment of the amount of effort, your knowledge and proficiency in a particular topic. When you reference your work, this demonstrates to the examiner that you did put in work, and therefore, you are deserving of a good grade. When and where to insert citations Ideally, you are expected to cite sources that were useful and helped you put together your paper. However, too much citation becomes plagiarism in itself as throughout the paper you will air and express the opinions and thoughts of other people. Popular phrases and expressions commonly used do not necessitate referencing. A decent paper that meets the standard requirements has minimal citations to maintain originality. How to differentiate between popular knowledge and personal thoughts To differentiate between the two, common knowledge are truths that everybody knows and do not need to refer to countercheck the information. For example, Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States of America is common knowledge known to everyone and it calls for no referencing. Personal thoughts are opinions specific to an individual which you get either from a book, research paper, bibliographies and so on. How to cite other peoples work There are some citing approaches available to writers, and they include APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association) to mention but a few. These styles have unique characteristics features exclusive to each style with some being complex while others simple to understand. Hence, it is mandatory to first acquaint yourself with the style the paper requires. If you are not certain, make a point of seeking clarification from your professor or instructor. Thanks to technology, you can access these referencing styles off of the internet, download and print them for future use. Now you know the different types of citation formats, but how do you insert the sources into your work? There are two main ways to go about this; you can either paraphrase or quote the words, phrases or sentences you have borrowed. Paraphrasing is restructuring the borrowed material and putting it across using your own words. On the other hand, quoting is lifting the material and inserting into your paper precisely the same way without changing anything, use quotation marks. Prudence should be employed when writing short notes with the probable cause of using in future assignments to avoid plagiarizing the words as you cannot find the exact paragraph or page number you derived it from the material you read. As mentioned earlier, different referencing styles demand varied formats for citing sources, especially for lengthy quotes. For example, in APA the following form should be adhered to, indention of  ½ inch from the left margin and end the phrase with a colon. Make sure you read the instructions of the paper before beginning the writing process. Rewording is the process of restating some elses speech without changing or distorting the meaning. Nevertheless, you must cite the sentences you have paraphrased lest it will be ruled out as copying. If you are citing a long phrase, the citation will look something like this; authors last name (Beckham), the year the source was published (2016) or the page you got it from (p.11). The disclaimer here is that, despite the fact you reworded the phrase, a reference is needed to dodge copying accusations. Characteristics of good works cited page or footnotes The golden tenet is all the sources used in the in-text citations should appear in the reference page, works cited, bibliography, etc. depending on the formatting technique of the paper. Sources not used in the paper should never appear on the works cited page. Those sources will be stricken out as irrelevant. Use the proper layout to arrange the sources, i.e., begin with the authors surname, year, the name of the article then the name of the journal. Ask for assistance There is no shame in asking nor receiving help with your assignment. Ensure you do the assignment yourself before seeking help. Some people have raised concerns arguing that taking the paper to editors is also cheating. They insist on the later as the editors in an attempt to perfect your paper, will make changes to it, and in the end, little close none of your initial work will be traceable. Varied institutions have differing reservations. Various universities will allow you to consult a professional and even make changes to your paper as long as you come open about it and indicate on top of the article. Simultaneously, other institutions strongly forbid it as it stating it is foul play. Translation software should be a no-go zone for you as it is plagiarizing your work. The structure, meanings and meaning are altered. Aside from this, there is omission and distortion during the translation process from your mother tongue to English. The effectiveness of such software is still under contention. Is it alright to request assistance when I get stuck in my assignment? Asking for help with your homework is acceptable, and no one can fault for that. However, you would want to be careful with whom you ask for advice. Decease from consulting your friends most especially if they happen to be your classmates. Sharing ideas and possibly writing the papers together culminates into cheating as you will both present a similar flow of thoughts. The best and safe source of help will be your professor or subject instructor. An instructor will offer you shallow insight with reasonable cause. You can seek the help of professional writers who will guide you on basic rules to writing a good paper. Alternatively, you could use a prototype essay to compare and contrast with your paper. The use of a prototype does not imply that you will be plagiarizing but is it like a guiding torch, where you can draw ideas, the dos and donts and so on. Do not fall prey to the unmonitored and non-appraised content that has flooded the internet. Keenly choose reliable and peer-reviewed essays as your source to avoid being misled by low-quality papers. Tutoriage is an ideal site for finding credible standard articles. Customer satisfaction through quality papers is our primary objective, and we pride ourselves in our team of capable professionals and proficient writers. Our team of writers hails from internationally accredited universities, the likes of Oxford and Cambridge. We encourage division and specialization of labor where every writer skillfully writes on the topics he/she is most talented. This move guarantees that eminently quality papers for our clients. Our articles are specifically tailored to suit the needs of our clients with 100% ingenuity. Having a team of qualified writers like us at your corner will make your writing experience at the university not only pleasurable but insightful as well. Students are constantly encouraged to learn to work by themselves when doing their assignments. The reality however is, many students require additional assistance with their assignments and instructors can barely find time due to their busy schedules. An external trainer, like ourselves, might cost you a few more bucks but in the end, it is worth the while. We sharpen your reading and writing skills, an attribute you need to have in the competitive job market. In brief†¦ The university has your best interest at heart, and their insistence that you avoid plagiarism is not meant to make your life miserable. Aside from educating you to become an upright member of society, they are training you to value and appreciate the significance of being truthful and sincere. To learn to acknowledge the effort and input of other people and award them the befitting recognition they so deserve.

Collapse paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Collapse paper - Essay Example Economic history of the United States of America extends over a period of less than two and half centuries. Over the course of this period, the US economy had multiple series of progress and problems. The United States has grown from an alliance of thirteen British colonies with distinct economies and institutions to the unified state which nowadays accounts for more than fifth of the world economy ("Economic history of the US"). US economy today is based on three major elements. The first element is its natural resources. The continent of the United States has rich mineral resources and favorable terrain, as well as mild climate conditions. It also has broad access to the ocean and corresponding transportation routes, encompassing the coastlines of both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as that of the Gulf of Mexico. Additional shipping routes are ensured by a host of rivers crossing the country and the Great Lakes along the border with Canada. These extensive transportation channels endorsed the economic growth of the USA, especially at early stages, and played a significant role in uniting America's 50 individual states into a full-fledged economic unit ("Economy of the United States"). The second ingredient is its human resources. USA has the third largest population in the world, which was estimated to be ca 295 mil people in July 2005 (CIA). The labor force is one of the major factor of economic growth and therefore prosperity of the country. On the other hand, country's citizens are also its biggest asset. Their welfare should be one the top of government's priorities list. Good environmental conditions and balanced habitats are essential to the welfare and health of the people, which makes environmental regulation extremely significant. The third element is industrial production and investments. USA is a home to corporations, which are complex organization governed by extensive set of rules and owned by stockholders. Boosted by the advent of mass production corporations like General Electric have been crucial in shaping the country. Using stock exchanges and financial markets American investors and banks managed to substantially increase their capital investing and withdrawing funds from profitable corporations. In the current era of globalization US investors and corporations have even larger influence on the world than ever before. ("Economic history of the US") It is essential to know these because above described components are vital in making the economy of the United States prosper. Therefore, it is imperative that the US government initiate regulation in order to preserve these valuable resources. Some regulations and policies that control these resources, however, are at times being overlooked not only by private corporations but the US government itself. Some private corporations in the USA abuse the use of natural resources, which leads to the destruction of the environment and increase in pollution, both harmful to human beings. The government, on the other hand, sometimes disregards these issues and even makes some initiatives to accelerate the economy at the expense of environmental deterioration. One of the recurring problems faced by the US government is energy. The government has been constantly seeking for appropriate means to regulate the use of energy and find new energy sources. US government has been extensively seeking for such sources as oil, nuclear

Job analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job analysis - Essay Example He or she will be required comprise files, respond to phone calls, process and review forms for alterations, maintain personal files, help the employees and clients, scrutinize payroll items and staff time, execute all personnel administrative functions, manage director’s calendar, type as required, deal with office mail, and any other assigned duties. The recruitment is from all areas because this will help identify the best candidate for the job. The recruitment will last for one month. This short period will only attract applicants who are qualified, competitive, and dedicated (Brannick & Levine, 2002). First, all applicants should be eligible to work in the country. The selection methods will include interviews and presentations. Interviews will provide the company with knowledge and first hand information about the suitability of the applicants. The applicants’ goals, philosophies and ambitions, should match the company’s. Interviews will give accurate and essential information on the applicants. Presentations will provide deep information on the applicants, as opposed to the materials like CVs. Presentations illustrate how the applicant will act in a work situation. It also gives an applicant a chance to display his or her ability (Torrington & Hall, 2005).   Cathy is thorough, competent, neat, and accurate. She ensures that all duties pertaining to the human resource department are accomplished in considerable time and can be accessed. She uses her time well and meets deadlines. She comprises files, responds to phone calls, processes and reviews forms for alterations, maintains personal files, helps the employees and clients, and performs any other assigned duties. Moreover, she understands the job concerns and procedures. Cathy is also cooperative and can work efficiently without supervision (Muchinsky, 2006). It is essential to invest in a job position that matches its own needs. A recruitment plan can be devised from ideas derived from similar

The Business of Women- a Book Review Essay Example for Free

The Business of Women- a Book Review Essay Literature pertaining to entrepreneurial women is very limited. There are numerous books that depict the lives of wage-earning women in Canada; however works on self-employed women are uncommon. The Business of Women- Marriage, Family, and Entrepreneurship in British Columbia, 1901-1951, was written by Melanie Buddle in 2010, under UBC Press. In The Business of Women, Buddle attempts to highlight the key features of entrepreneurial women in the 1900’s in Western Canada, exploring how and why women entered the business world. In this book, Buddle examines case studies and primary documents in order to expose the world of female entrepreneurs. Buddle focuses on issues of gender and class relations that influenced the ability of women to become self-employed. Although the information presented in this book represent the period of 1901 to 1951, I will attempt to draw connections, through the use of a summary and analysis, between the materials presented in this book to 21st century businesswomen. In the first part of The Business of Women, Buddle addresses reasons why women were more likely to be self-employed in British Columbia. Buddle highlights frontier characteristics that depict why a larger proportion of women in British Columbia were married and were self-employed. In British Columbia, women married in higher proportion, compared to the rest of Canada. Many males arrived in British Columbia in the 1850’s during the gold rush and many men settled in Western Canada in order to work in the logging, fishing, and mining industry. These influxes of male wage-earners lead to an overabundance of men in the province (26). The gender imbalance resulted in women finding it easier to marry, while men found it much more difficult. Women worked during their marriage when their spouses could not provide sufficient financial support. While women in British Columbia married in higher proportions, there were also a greater number of women who were living without a spouse. Although a woman was living essentially by herself, she would still be listed as married- which contributed to the large number of women who were listed as married. Many of these men left their wives and families to pursue work elsewhere. The absence and even unreliability of a spouse led to some women becoming involved with self-employment. Many women had to turn to self-employment because wage-earning job opportunities were very limited. In British Columbia, male immigration was high due to the surge in the natural resource sector. In addition, during this period, there were a number of male Asian immigrants who took wage-earning positions. As a result of the scarce number of wage-earning jobs, many women opened their own businesses. The need to support their children was the most important reason why married, widowed, and divorced women ran businesses. Although many women were married, their husbands were either absent, sick, or unable to work. These women were essentially single; they did not have a male breadwinner caring for them and they had the added responsibility of caring for their children. Family was the key motivation to women’s self-employment. Women who had children to care for had to find a means of supporting themselves that allowed them to stay at home. Many women took up self-employment opportunities such as sewing, doing laundry, boarding, or operating small enterprises from inside their home (55). Working from home was advantageous for many women because they could set their own hours, thus they could be more attentive to their family. The critical difference between women and men entering the workforce, both with families, was that women’s endeavours catered to their family’s interests. Women worked or opened businesses when it was imperative to support their family, but at the same time, their work had to accommodate the tasks they performed at home. Working from home, women had the opportunity to turn their homemaking skills into income-earning jobs or they would turn their homes into their business (46). Effectively, these women turned their two jobs- one as a mother, the other as an entrepreneur- into one. It is clear that the presence of children affected why and where women worked – which can be seen as an important link between family and entrepreneurship. Age was also an important factor in understanding why women engaged in self-employment. Women who had families and were married were generally more inclined to open businesses. Thus, census data shows that participation of older women in self-employment was much more common, as opposed to young and single women (45). Contrary to expectation, women did not turn to self-employment as a way to break out of gender-socialized roles, rather women worked because they had to. Women, who faced either inadequate or no support from their husbands, had to turn to self-employment in order to support their families. The relationship between marriage, family, age, and entrepreneurship was very distinct in British Columbia during this p eriod. Buddle also seeks to explore the different careers that female entrepreneurs engaged in. During the period of 1901-1951, an increasing number of women worked in the service, trade and finance, and clerical occupations (55). Most women worked as servants, cooks, waitresses, teachers and nurses, while others turned to self-employment. Even those who were self-employed worked in the service industry (with the exception of dressmaking and related occupations). The relationship between sex segregation and self-employment also played a factor in the kinds of jobs women took. A woman’s femininity could be very advantageous, as she could open a business that played into ideas of femininity and beauty. In this way, sex segregation pushed women to become more successful in their endeavours. From 1901 to 1951, involvement in six self-employed occupations was consistent among women. These included: farmers, dressmakers and sewers, retail store owners, lodging-house keepers, barbers and hairdressers, and music teachers (55). Although female self-employment in the farming industry was declining during this period, and men usually dominated this area of work, a large number of women were self-employed in this occupation. Women who worked on farms generally did sex-typed jobs, such as cooking, cleaning, overseeing egg and butter production, while men were responsible for the outdoor farm labour (66). Women who farmed alone often grew fruit and cattle. Thus, self-employed females working in this male dominated occupation represented a portion of entrepreneurship that â€Å"disproved the notion of a female work culture† (69). The highest rates of female self-employment in the manufacturing industry belonged to the occupation of dressmakers, seamstresses, and sewers. Dress-making and sewing were sex-typed jobs that were associated with females, however women capitalized on these ideologies. The percentage of women who worked as retail store owners increased over the first half of the twentieth century. Women shopkeepers competed in a male-dominated field – although their stores were sex-typed. Women primarily owned stores such as clothing, dry goods, grocery, and confectionary (71). Lodging-housekeeping was primarily sex-typed as feminine. This was an easy business for a woman to enter because it was run out of the home and required manual labour but little financial investment. In addition, a woman could run a lodging house and look after her children at the same time. As lodging-house keepers, women continued to do the same domestic tasks they had done as unpaid workers, but they were now providin g these services to paying lodgers. Through occupations such as farming and shop-keeping, one is able to deduce that self-employed women and men were not segregated by occupations the same way as wage-earning men and women. When they were self-employed, women had the capability to operate in a male-dominated field and challenge tradition assumptions. In chapter four, Buddle describes the business and professional women’s (BPW) clubs that existed in British Columbia. Buddle focuses primarily on the Victoria and Vancouver BPW clubs and their relationship with the Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Clubs (CFBPWC) (84). The majority of self-employed women in these clubs were married, widowed, or divorced. The clubs in British Columbia were generally very conservative- they praised conventional roles and societal expectations of women. These clubs were held highly in society and provided members with an opportunity to â€Å"assume a public life without too deeply challenging traditional gender roles† (85). Although on the outside club activities were relatively conservative, on the inside, the club provided members with a facet to release their frustrations towards the inequalities that they dealt with on a daily basis. Away from the public eye, many of the club’s activities displayed parodies of male-dominated business traditions in news articles, mock debates, and mock weddings. The CFBPWC’s main goal was to further the advances that women had made post-war. Not unlike the local clubs, the federation’s primary focus was women and their ethical and behavioural differences from men. The first convention for the CFBPWC was held in Winnipeg in the summer of 1930 and included representatives from clubs in Montreal, Hamilton, Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver and Victoria (93). The formation of the Vancouver BPW Club was in response to the gendered world in which women worked – they sought to create a community in which women could support and encourage one another a s they ventured into unknown territories (96). Between 1920 and 1961, the BPW clubs became much more vocal on employment issues such as wage equity, the rights of married women to work, and the status of domestic workers (96). The rights of married women to work were a constant issue for BPW clubs. In later years, the Victoria club defended its position regarding the rights of married women to work. The club praised women who worked in support of family, while also promoting the interests of women working outside the home for pay. Although the BPW clubs promoted women working, they frequently noted that a woman’s most important role was as a worker within her family. In this light, the BPW clubs seemed unclear about their stance regarding married women’s rights. In one aspect, they stressed that family came first, but in other views, their stance on women’s equality in the workplace was very progressive. BPW club members were aware that gender issues impeded their careers- thus the club’s social activi ties became a way for the women to vent their frustrations. The club engaged in â€Å"mock weddings† in which women would dress up as brides and grooms. This showed that the women recognized how they were perceived and in a way, embraced it. However, these club activities did not take part in their outside image as a respectable and feminine organization. As a result, while the club had a very serious and focused goal, they were also a recreational club that allowed women to simply have fun. In the final chapter of The Business of Women, Buddle addresses the relationship between gender, class, and business. In the early twentieth century, it was difficult to consider the idea of a self-employed woman because that suggested she was independent, competitive, and aggressive – traits which were not commonly associated with women. However, while entering a masculine world of entrepreneurs, women were able to present themselves as both feminine and businesslike – a characteristic that allowed them to thrive as self-sufficient businesswomen. To demonstrate that they were respectable, female entrepreneurs emphasized their devotion to fashion and to their families. In this light, women tried to be seen as womanly and feminine, while simultaneously engaging in competitive business. Women took many measures to ensure that they would not be seen as masculine, their appearance seemed to be almost as important as the work they did. For example, Hyman Kessler, a woman who owned a scrap metal dealership, displayed this feature. Kessler would dress very feminine when she was out, always wearing skirts, and she would not smoke in public (although she was a heavy smoker at home). Kessler stated that in her business â€Å"you have to think like a man and act like a lady† (134). These comments of acting like a lady are full of class and gender implications. Another example can be seen through Wendy McDonald. Following her husband’s death, McDonald assumed ownership of BC Bearing Engineers (135). McDonald was generally unknowledgeable regarding this area of business, however she was praised for her ability to juggle a career and raise children. Magazines consistently described her as a progressive woman and noted on multiple occasions that she had modeled in her youth. The media’s focus on her early modelling career, her lack of knowledge, and her children, all reinforce the idea of femininity within businesswomen. Businesswomen during this period sought to represent themselves as different from men, but equally capable. If a woman could prove that she could be as successful as a man, while still behaving in a ladylike manner and while still becoming wives and mothers, â€Å"she did not pose a threat to the gender conventions that equated business-like behaviour with masculine behaviour† (136). The types of business women engaged in were also influenced by gender. It often represented a compromise between societal pressures to remain feminine and the need to make economic decisions. Many women based their career choices on opportunities they thought would be profitable, but they also had to consider society’s expectations of appropriate avenues for entrepreneurial women. Hence, as long as she maintained her femininity and recognized her role as a mother and wife, society would tolerate and even praise a businesswoman. On that note, the following analysis of The Business of Women will highlight key themes, literature excellence, and offer critiques of the book. Through these, the relationship between twentieth century businesswomen and 21st century female entrepreneurs will be demonstrated. Ultimately, this analysis will elucidate Buddle’s objective in writing The Business of Women and how the concepts apply to the contemporary business world. The primary theme that Buddle addresses in The Business of Women is the relationship between gender roles and entrepreneurship. Throughout the entire book, Buddle seeks to answer the question of why and how women became entrepreneurs. In every explanation and case study, the link between society’s expectations of women and their involvement in business are very prominent. This book highlights the many struggles that women had to face in a male-dominated world. However, it also emphasizes the many successes of businesswomen. In every chapter, Buddle is careful to point out key women who changed the scope of entrepreneurs in British Columbia. From large associations such as BPW clubs to Hyman Kessler, a small shop owner, these stories reflect the determination and achievements of women as entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, the conclusion that Buddle arrives at, is that although women during this period engaged in relatively successful entrepreneurial endeavours, their participation was limited. Furthermore, Buddle argues that if a woman had the ability to undermine her presence and conform to society’s expectations of a â€Å"woman†, she would become successful. This again, goes back to the relationship between gender roles and entrepreneurship. The Business of Women is a very informative book. Buddle effectively utilizes evidence such as photos, quotes, and census data, in order to augment the reader’s understanding. For example, on page thirty, Buddle presents a table depicting the percentages of employed women, with various marital statuses, in British Columbia compared to Canada. Buddle’s research is evidently very thorough; she presents a vast amount of data that supports her idea of female entrepreneurs. Buddle also does a very good job of presenting the pros and cons in her analysis of the BPW clubs. When Buddle analyzes the BPW clubs that existed, she explains that the club’s basic objective was to promote women’s rights. However, Buddle also argues that the BPW clubs were very conservative and often contradictory when it came to their stance on political and social issues. In this light, Buddle remains objective- which has the effect of further enhancing the reader’s comprehension. Buddle’s main theme throughout the book is the relationship between gender roles and the ability to become self-employed. Buddle is very effective in explaining that although women were given the capacity to become entrepreneurs, their ability to become successful very much relied on their capabilities to conform to society’s expectations. In chapter five, Buddle addresses the link between gender roles and businesswomen. Buddle provides many examples, including Hyman K essler, Wendy McDonald, and Laurette Grayel (who was the owner of a delivery company). Buddle mentions that â€Å"the womanliness of female entrepreneurs was stressed to such a degree that it seems calculated to negate the very fact of their self-employment† (142). In this way, Buddle effectively analyzes society in the 1900-1950’s and is able to reach a conclusion regarding the capabilities of women to achieve successful self-employment. Another commendable area of this book is Buddle’s choice to maintain an even-tone throughout the book. Buddle avoids utilizing hyperbolized language and does not come across as overassertive in her presentation of the book. It is a fair assumption that Buddle is a feminist. The very fact that she wrote this book signifies that she believes women’s entrepreneurship is an important topic that needs to be further explored. However, at no point in the book does Buddle attack men or society as a whole. Thus, I think she does a good job of not becoming too dogmatic. An area where The Business of Women fails is th at it does not make the connection between the data presented in the book, which took place in the twentieth century, to present day society. Buddle wrote this book in 2010; therefore it seems like a reasonable assumption that the book would contain a chapter or two that would provide the reader with an explanation of the relationship between history and the present. However, the only connection that Buddle offers is in the conclusion, where she talks about today’s â€Å"momprenuers†. Buddle states that a connection between history’s self-employed women and today’s mother entrepreneurs can be seen. Buddle also mentions that the difficulties of women of history can be mirrored in the difficulties of women today. However, Buddle fails to further explore this intriguing topic. She chooses to simply leave it to the reader to relate any possible examples or stories from the 21st century. The Business of Women is also very microscopic, with the focus being very narrow. It only offers explanations and conclusions for women in British Columbia. In the tables and graphs that Buddle presents, she often compares British Columbia statistics to Canada, such as on page twenty-eight and fifty-nine. However, Buddle does not further explore this relationship in her text. Buddle argues that her purpose of having such a specific focus is that it provides the reader with a greater understanding of the specific circumstances of women during this period. While the book is very informative, it represents only a portion of female entrepreneurs in Canada. On one hand, while Buddle is able to present the information regarding women in British Columbia, she does not effectively relate this information to other women in Canada. In this light, Buddle fails, in my opinion, to look at the bigger picture. She focuses extensively on British Columbia, but neglects to offer any in-depth information or connections regarding other women in Canada. Lastly, I found this book to be quite repetitive. Buddle could have utilized a more concise approach in presenting her information. For instance, in the beginning of chapter two, Buddle states that self-employed women were more likely to be married than wage-earners, and she once again makes the statement later in the chapter. Buddle could have been more succinct in her presentation of the book. Despite the book’s minor flaws, the overall message that Melanie Buddle is trying to achieve is conveyed. Buddle’s main theme throughout the book is the relationship between gender roles and the ability of women to become entrepreneurs. A connection can be made between women of history and of modern day society. Women today are still faced with the pressing issues of how they will financially provide for their families. As a result of limitations and family circumstances, many have had to turn to self-employment. Despite the many progressive advances that women have made, gender roles still exist. The Business of Women provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationship between gender and entrepreneurs in society today. The characteristics of the twentieth century, which is discussed in this book, such as family needs and sex-typed occupations are still very much in existence today. In fact, common expectations of women and frontier characteristics are still very similar. Therefore, by examining the ways that women recognized their gender roles in the twentieth century through The Business of Women, it provides the reader with significant insight into the 21st century world of entrepreneurs. After reading The Business of Women by Melanie Buddle, I highly recommend that all business students read this book. This book does not present any ground-breaking information; rather, it solidifies what many people already knew. The transition of women into a male-dominated business world was not an easy one, and although the contents of this book occurred over fifty years ag o, the same generalizations and assumptions apply to the business world today. It is proportionately more difficult for a woman to become successful as an entrepreneur, compared to men. Many women are forced to concede to society’s expectations of adequate female self-employment, thus it can be observed that societal changes have not been as dramatic as one would hope. Nevertheless, the prominence of businesswomen has undoubtedly risen. It is now common for a woman to continue to work after she marries, and having a family no longer has to define what a woman does for a living. Women such as Oprah have redefined what it means to be a female entrepreneur. Not unlike the Hyman Kessler’s and Wendy McDonald’s of history, these women have utilized their skills and adaptability in order to build an empire. In reading The Business of Women, one begins to appreciate the determination and resourcefulness that these women displayed. Thus, it is my recommendation that everyone should read this book, regardless of gender. This book provides an understanding of how the relationship between gender roles and society has shaped entrepreneurs. Surprisingly, I found this book to be quite interesting. Learning of the different careers and clubs that these women participated in definitely inspires me. The women during this period can be looked at with admiration because despite society’s limitations, they were ultimately able to utilize their skills and resourcefulness to become successful.

Developing and Implementing Change :: Business, Change

Change also known as innovation means to alter or to be different. It is not a new concept. According to Patronis Jones (2009, p.168) and Harris (2002, p.145), â€Å"change is the only constant† whereby it is an important part of an organisation and happens all the time. Without change, improvement will not happen. In the healthcare industry for example, without change, nurses will still be trained in hospitals (Anderson, 2005). Change can be either planned or unplanned. Unplanned change occurs suddenly due to specific circumstances whereas planned change is a longer process that involves planning to achieve a specific goal (Patronis Jones, 2009). In addition, change may be due to internal or external forces. Internal forces are factors within the organisation such as organisational values, beliefs and culture whereas external forces are factors that come from outside the organisation such as social factors, economic factors and legislations (Patronis Jones, 2009). Change can also be personal or organisational. However, according to Harris (2002) and Wainwright (2008), organisational change mainly involves personal change. This means that change always involve people who plan, implement and evaluate changes individually or within a team (Harris, 2002). Three types of change have been identified within organisations: transitional, transformational and developmental. Transitional change is the most common type of change; it is driven by management and involves small continuous changes in people, structure, procedures or technology to improve organisational performance (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009). Transformational change is driven by leaders and is competitive, â€Å"fundamental and radical† involving a change of culture and value system; for example the merging of two organisations (Harris, 2002; Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009, p.76). Developmental change on the other hand involves a continuous dynamic change aiming at avoiding radical changes (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009). According to Gilley, Dixon & Gilley (2008, p.154), â€Å"transformational change is the key to realising innovation in an organisation.† For organisations to succeed and be competitive, they must support and implement continuous and transformational change (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009; Gilley, Dixon, & Gilley, 2008). The aim of the health industry is to provide quality patient centered care. However, the healthcare industry is facing an aging population and workforce. Skills and resources to manage complex and chronic illnesses are required. In addition, consumers are more educated about the healthcare system and want to manage their own health (Reithmeier, 2009). Developing and Implementing Change :: Business, Change Change also known as innovation means to alter or to be different. It is not a new concept. According to Patronis Jones (2009, p.168) and Harris (2002, p.145), â€Å"change is the only constant† whereby it is an important part of an organisation and happens all the time. Without change, improvement will not happen. In the healthcare industry for example, without change, nurses will still be trained in hospitals (Anderson, 2005). Change can be either planned or unplanned. Unplanned change occurs suddenly due to specific circumstances whereas planned change is a longer process that involves planning to achieve a specific goal (Patronis Jones, 2009). In addition, change may be due to internal or external forces. Internal forces are factors within the organisation such as organisational values, beliefs and culture whereas external forces are factors that come from outside the organisation such as social factors, economic factors and legislations (Patronis Jones, 2009). Change can also be personal or organisational. However, according to Harris (2002) and Wainwright (2008), organisational change mainly involves personal change. This means that change always involve people who plan, implement and evaluate changes individually or within a team (Harris, 2002). Three types of change have been identified within organisations: transitional, transformational and developmental. Transitional change is the most common type of change; it is driven by management and involves small continuous changes in people, structure, procedures or technology to improve organisational performance (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009). Transformational change is driven by leaders and is competitive, â€Å"fundamental and radical† involving a change of culture and value system; for example the merging of two organisations (Harris, 2002; Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009, p.76). Developmental change on the other hand involves a continuous dynamic change aiming at avoiding radical changes (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009). According to Gilley, Dixon & Gilley (2008, p.154), â€Å"transformational change is the key to realising innovation in an organisation.† For organisations to succeed and be competitive, they must support and implement continuous and transformational change (Gilley, Gilley & McMillan, 2009; Gilley, Dixon, & Gilley, 2008). The aim of the health industry is to provide quality patient centered care. However, the healthcare industry is facing an aging population and workforce. Skills and resources to manage complex and chronic illnesses are required. In addition, consumers are more educated about the healthcare system and want to manage their own health (Reithmeier, 2009).

Debate Topic: Cosmetic Surgeries Should Be Banned (for)

Debate Topic: Cosmetic Surgeries Should Be Banned (For) 1. Cosmetic surgery can be psychologically damaging The compulsion to change one's body is often a symptom of a mental instability. It should be treated as a problem, not by surgery. Research indicating that breast augmentation patients are four times more likely to commit suicide compared to other plastic surgery patients raises questions about the mental health of women who choose implants. There are also studies that show negative psychological effects on patients after their surgery has been completed.For example, a recent analysis 37 studies on patients' psychological and psychosocial functions before and after cosmetic surgery . They found several predictors of poor outcomes, especially for those who hold unrealistic expectations or have a history of depression and anxiety. The researchers found that patients who are dissatisfied with surgery may request repeat procedures or experience depression and adjustment problems, s ocial isolation, family problems, self-destructive behaviors and anger towards the surgeon and his or her staff. 2.The dangers involved in elective surgery are not worth the risk The risks can’t be justified. These risks apply both to the surgery itself, and to the long term. For example, leaking silicone breast implants have been a widespread problem and can lead to death. Silicone gel can leak from the implant into healthy breast tissue and go other parts of your body, such as the lungs and lymph nodes, where it could be impossible to remove. Studies published in 2001 by scientists at the National Cancer Institute raised questions about the long-term safety of breast implants.One study found that women who had breast implants for at least eight years were twice as likely to die from brain cancer, three times as likely to die from lung cancer or other respiratory diseases, and four times as likely to commit suicide, compared to other plastic surgery patients. A second study found that women with breast implants for at least eight years were 21% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer compared to other women their age.There is also the risk that the person having the surgery will be dissatisfied with the results, and they may repeat the procedures, causing bigger health problems. 3. Cosmetic surgery is unfair, for only those who can afford it have access to it Only those that can pay for it get it. The most popular surgeries include breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The surgeries cost from ? 2,000 to ? 6,000, which is about $25,000 to $75,000. So if it has the advantages the opposition claims, the rich will look good, and the poor will not. . An outright ban would be easier than the partial bans that have been enacted in some places The state of Queensland in Australia has a ban on teenagers having plastic surgery.This prevents anyone under 18 having cosmetic surgery unless it is to correct deformities o r disfiguring injuries. Cosmetic surgery is already to some extent regulated. As such it would not be difficult to expand these regulating bodies to be making sure that cosmetic surgery is only performed when as in Queensland it is to correct deformities and disfiguring injuries. . The availability of cosmetic surgery increases pressures on women that they must look beautiful. Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. These views about appearance are damaging because it leads to seriously unhealthy lifestyles that women think they need to look beautiful.For example, in 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 per cent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 per cent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Cosmetic surgery sends the message that the prejudices some have about appearance are valid. Conclusion: In conclusion, I think that cosmetic surgeries should be banned, but it could be used to correct deformities and disfiguring injuries.

The Influence of Ganster Films such as New Jack City and Menace to Society

Warshow began the essay saying â€Å"America is committed to a cheerful view of life†. Warshow is referring particularly to the movies but also to comic books and pulp fiction . Those that perpetuate the notion of what constitutes the gangster himself but also his environment, motivation and modus operandi. The intolerable dilemma is that failure is a kind of death and success is evil and dangerous, are ultimately impossible. The effect of the gangster film is to embody this dilemma in the person of the gangster and resolve it by â€Å"his death, not ours, we are safe for the moment and can acquiesce in our failure, we can choose to fail. This essay makes me think that most gangster movies can help and also hurt the viewer. It all depends on the state of mind of the individual. Watching movie such as â€Å"New Jack City† and â€Å"Menace to Society† made people in my community act out, not in a fearful way but in a more gangster way. More crimes took place after young viewers watched these types of films; maybe in the suburbs people felt safe but not in our neighborhood. Movies such as these were made to show people the rise and fall of a gangster. However it depends on the individual that watches these types of films and what they gather from it. Take for instance, if a person has never been to the projects and had seen this type of activity take place; they may watch one of these films and not get Influenced by it . On the other hand, people who live in the projects that see drug dealers and so called gangsters, begin to glorify this kind of lifestyle because this is what they see on a day to day basis. Warshows’ intolerable dilemmas sometimes resolve in our death. Some people can see a film and know in the end that the gangster will end up dead or on a bus to prison but for some reason that never scares them from trying to get the same fame that the gangster has in the film. Take for example, the film â€Å"New Jack City â€Å"staring Wesley Snipes as the notorious Neno Brown; it shows two sides of a gangster. Neno kills people over drugs and territory but the film also shows him feeding the poor on Thanksgiving and handing money out to children and preachers. Neno starts out as an average street hustler with dreams of one day being a drug kingpin. His dream seems to be reachable when his brother introduces him to the new drug crack cocaine. Neno then builds a street team to help run his empire. He operates his crack business the same as any other business like Wal-Mart. In a way Neno was like a ghetto Robinhood. He robs the rich and sells dope to the poor. This is what makes this essay one sided. People living in the ghetto are simply products of their environment. They are simply forced into this life that is fictional to others. A gangster’s motivation is always something he feels like he has first and before anyone else. It may be a new car, jewelry or a luxury home. Most movies about a fictional gangster are always stemmed from a real person that has already failed as a gangster, either dead or in prison. Most of the gangster movies we watch today are real life stories. Filmmakers just put a twist on the story and change the names around. People from the lower class watch these movies and often blur out the bad ending rather than being in fear of the same ending happening to them. Most gangster movies have a hero from both sides. The lower class people root for the villain while the middle and upper class root for the main detective that usually brings the gangster to his untimely demise. Most kids are fascinated with gangsters because of their lavish and glorious lifestyle that are portrayed by he media. Lower class children do not live next door to doctors or lawyers so they do not glorify their lifestyles . They can just turn on the television and see a gangster anytime they want and to some, glorifying a gangster is real and gives them something to believe in. When they see a gangster in the neighborhood, everyone is nice to him out of fear not respect but as a child, he will grow up thinking that type of lifestyle is o. k. because everyone will be too scared to tell him that this individual is scum and that he does not want to be like him when he grows up.

The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance The WritePass Journal

The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction The impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance 1 Introduction3.Semi-structured Interviews4   Research Sample4.1 Rationale for selection criteria4.2 Administration of the Research4.3    Research Setting  5. Research Analysis6. Concluding PointsRelated 1 Introduction This study aims to assess the impacts of glass cockpits on pilot performance as perceived by respondents drawn from pilots currently flying these aircraft. The objective of this study include the identification of: i) pilots perceptions regarding the effect of glass cockpits on their performance; ii) the safety aspects derived from these perceptions; iii) the effect of pilot performance on aircraft safety; iv) the human factors affected by glass cockpits; v) the migration by airlines and manufacturers to glass cockpits; and vi) the human performance perspective of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of glass cockpits. Chapters one and two introduced existing literature and previous research undertaken in relation to the impact of glass cockpits on pilot performance with a particular focus on the aforementioned objectives. This methodology chapter explains each stage of the research, data collection and analysis undertaken in conducting the research. 2   Qualitative Research When undertaking research, there are two main research possibilities – quantitative and qualitative. Louis (1981) describes them as both excellent ways of tackling research effectively. He distinguishes between the two by naming quantitative as â€Å"inquiry from the outside† and qualitative as â€Å"inquiry from the inside†. By this, Louis is referring to the researchers involvement and immersion within the data collection – the â€Å"inside† approach involves the researcher more, often leaving a potential hazard of bias. Whereas the â€Å"outside† approach enables the researcher to isolate the phenomenon of bias because of the lack of feedback associated with quantitative research. Qualitative research is often used as â€Å"a form of systematic empirical inquiry into meaning† (Shank, 2002, p. 5) – it is useful for those wishing to complete research in a methodical, ordered and planned way. Authors (Bryman et al 1988; Punch, 1998; Maykut and Morehouse, 1994) all describe qualitative research as a valued method of collecting a bettered, in-depth range of data. However, with the advantage of enriched data comes the disadvantage of researcher bias. As qualitative research was chosen, the researcher had to identify and accept that certain areas of the data collection would be open to bias, either value or objective (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). Referring to Johnson (1994), â€Å"the selection of the research method is a crucial element in the planning of an investigation† (p.174). Johnson also suggests that using a variety of research methods is beneficial to gaining an adequate understanding of the objective results – as suggested in my research proposal. However, it became evident that my access to the great number of â€Å"glass-cockpit-flying pilots† needed to complete questionnaires successfully was limited. It was therefore decided that the best course of action was to select a qualitative approach, and to interview the pilots that met the selection criteria highlighted in the â€Å"Research Approach† section of this methodology. 3.Semi-structured Interviews Kumar (2011) defines an interview as â€Å"any person-to-person interaction, either face to face or otherwise, between two or more individuals with a specific purpose in mind†.   Reasons for employing an interview to collect data a numerous. Depending on the topic discussed, it is possible to obtain in-depth information by probing; an interviewer can often add to data collected not only by verbal means, but also by non-verbal reactions displayed by the interviewee; and, because the interviewer can alter the order / wordings of the questions, it is less likely that the interviewee can misunderstand the question. The author chose to utilise a semi-structured type interview as a hybrid of the two extremes – unstructured and structured – as this would give the best of both worlds. Although a structured interview would i) establish a good base for the interviewee to explain exactly what the author felt was needed,   ii) provide uniform information, in the form of the comparability of the data collected and iii) enable the interviewer to collect the data without having the necessary interview skills for an unstructured interview, this method was discarded as it was nearly impossible for the interviewer to probe new ideas formulated by the answers of the interviewee. For many of these reasons, also, the unstructured interview was, too, rejected. Referring to point iii), this existed as the main reason to not chose the unstructured type interview as this was the authors first attempt at an academic interview.   Thus a semi-structured, or hybrid data collection model was developed: an element of flexibility was permitted to enable interviewees to include relevant information pertinent to the topic in discussion (Patton, 1990; Bernard, 1988). In this respect, the researcher would include an interview guide – as found in a structured interview. However, this was, as said, a guide: the interviewer and the interviewee were able to establish and discuss any points that came up in conversation, some of which were new to the interviewer or perhaps the interviewee. A predominately qualitative research approach was used throughout this study. In this respect, interviews were used as the data collection tool through which the current pilot perceptions of glass cockpits were identified. This method was selected because: It allowed flexibility to follow unexpected ideas during research and explore processes effectively;   It gave sensitivity to contextual factors; Also, the ability to study symbolic dimensions and social meaning;   increased opportunities: o to develop empirically supported new ideas and theories; o for in-depth and longitudinal explorations of leadership phenomena; and o for more relevance and interest for practitioners. -Bryman et al, 1988 Although it is arguable that a questionnaire would have suited this type of study, there were certain concerns with finding the multiple pilots needed to complete the surveys – particularly given the   high   security status post September 11th. 4   Research Sample Consideration into finding the most applicable people for inclusion in this study was needed to ensure that the author chooses the candidates with the required information to achieve the objectives set for the study (Kumar, 2011). This strategy is useful to assess the pilot perceptions of glass-cockpits as, although much researcher has been conducted into glass cockpits, very little has been done into the perceptions of pilots regarding them. The population of this study consisted of 5 interviewees. Purposive sampling was used to identify the particular pilots needed for interview, the selection criteria included: Have flown a glass cockpit within the previous 6 months Have flown an analogue cockpits previously Willing to participate in the interview 4.1 Rationale for selection criteria Firstly, by defining â€Å"previous 6 months† as recent, then we are able to understand that the interviewee must have recent experience in order to acknowledge the disadvantages and advantages of glass cockpits as experienced by them – the longer it has been since the stimuli, the less effects the subject will retain in memory. The rationale for selecting the second criterion was simple: although this study is an exploritive study into glass cockpits, the interviewees must have experience with the older fashioned analogue type cockpits in order to have a valuable opinion regarding their own perceptions. The final criteria suggests that every pilots participation is critical to this study – since the research involved potentially lengthy interviews, every interviewee would need to be willing to take the time to discuss the topic at hand (Chaffee, 1995). Advantages of performing interviews with an acquaintance are well documented by authors. Roger (1988) implies that social norms constrain strangers from interacting in a natural way and Coates (1996) adds that   the presence of recording equipment, and peoples perceptions to it, is less obvious when dealing with a friend or group of friends – ultimately, by interviewing pilots whom   were personally known the the researcher, it is possible to allow the interviewee to become more relaxed and less inclined to shy away from sensitive questions. After designing an interview, but before putting it into practice, there was a chance to try out my interview on a potential subject. This pilot study was a opportunity to develop the interview so that, in future interviews, any problems would be ironed out and questions could be arranged in an order that would suit a naturally flowing conversation. Hundley (2001) suggests that performing multiple pilot studies is advantageous to the researcher, however, due to time constraints only one pilot interview could be undertaken before it was necessary to move onto the actual interviews. That pilot study changed the order of questions within the interview, as well as a few question wordings to make it more logical and easier for the interviewees to understand. 4.2 Administration of the Research When beginning the interview stage of the project, a way of recording the conversations was necessary    this came in the form of a Dictaphone. This made the process of analysing results much simpler than having to take notes and understand them later. Of course, the participants were given full authority on whether or not they wanted the interview recorded – obviously it was competently   explained to them that the interview was completely confidential via an interview confidentiality letter (appendix B). Where possible, the interviewees were given the questions via email (appendix C). The author decided to do this in the hopes that the interviewees would provide more concise and clearer answers. Arranging meetings with pilots was, at first thought, something of a given. However, the pilots whom the author thought were once suitable for interview declared that they had no prior, or very limited, experience with glass cockpits. It was up to me to find suitable alternatives. Luckily, the pilots who had no experience were able to refer me to their friends and colleagues who did have experience with glass cockpits –   the author was able to arrange contact with them via email and telephone. Bennett (1994) discusses the options to improve the chances of the potential interviewees responding to my emails and calls. He states that, by explaining the following points, the interviewee will be more inclined to respond accordingly: Imparting the conviction that the investigation is a worthwhile piece of work and the investigator a competent person to carry it out; Explaining why the investigation seeks the co-operation of the persons or institutions being approached; Indicating the use to be made of the eventual research material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bennett (1994, p.174) 4.3    Research Setting Interviews were planned to take place face to face, at a place convenient to both the interviewer and the interviewee. A suitable quiet environment was to be used, in most cases this was arranged in advance – but some were very short notice so the choice of location was somewhat improvised. This is for the interviews that had taken place in person, but as discussed earlier email interviews had been arranged. Due to the nature of   email, there was no way of enforcing the setting – so it was left up to the interviewee to chose a suitable place to respond. I was the interviewer in all bar the two email interviews, it was therefore my duty to maintain the correct track throughout as well as to ensure the interviewees were giving suitable responses to questions. Two of my potential interviewees had requested, due to time-zone differences, that they complete the interview via email – I was more than obliged to do so, so the interviews were sent to them along with appendix B (interview confidentiality letter). Unfortunately, there was no possible way of administrating the email respondents – other than reading through their answers and responding to them with any queries. Each face to face interview lasted between 10 and 20 minutes and were conducted between February and March 2011. The email interviews were between 1000 and 1500 word long and were sent out during the beginning days of March for a expectant reply by the end of March. Other than the emails, no names were used during the interviews – this left the researcher an option to code the names for the data analysis: Email interview 1, Interview 1 etc It was essential for the researcher to transcribe the interviews as soon as practicably possible as too not forget any non-verbal communications made, as discussed earlier. It is also for this reason that the researcher did not complete any more than one interview per day, or per transcribe. i.e. the researcher would only move onto another interview when the previous one was transcribed completely.  Ã‚   To avoid recall error as defined by Kumar (2011): â€Å"error that can be introduced in a response because of a respondents inability to recall correctly its various aspects when replying† when possible, and if time permitted, interviewees were given the opportunity to examine the interview transcripts for conformation and approval.   5. Research Analysis Kumars(2011) four step research analysis was adopted to efficiently summarise and analyse the data collected. The steps were identification of the main themes; assignment of codes for the main themes; responses to the main themes and; integration of themes and responses into the text. The first step involved carefully reading through the interviews collected by each interviewee, understanding the meaning that they communicate (the use of language to express themselves) and categorising the discovered broad themes. The second step uses coding to identify the amount of times, or how frequently, a certain phrase or wording has occurred and pursuing the more specific themes from these. Step 3 analyses the interview scripts collected and assigns certain responses and phrases under the themes chosen in step 2. Finally, the fourth step uses the responses that fall within different themes collected in step 3 and integrates them into the text of the dissertation. Blaxter et al (2006) suggested that most research could be affected by opinions, beliefs   and motivations of those involved – it was essential for the undergoing researcher to remember this throughout this study because it had the possibility to bias results by means of altering the questions asked to accommodate preconceptions known by the researcher. 6. Concluding Points To summarise, this chapter has covered the beneficial aspects and disadvantages of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews and data analysis; how purposive sampling was engaged as a way of implementing assurance that interviewees could offer their perceptions of glass cockpits; and   the various limitations imposed onto the researcher, interviewees and ultimately, the study itself.

History and Geography of Germany

History and Geography of Germany Population: 81,471,834 (July 2011 estimate)Capital: BerlinArea: 137,847 square miles (357,022 sq km)Coastline: 2,250 miles (3,621 km)Highest Point: Zugspitze at 9,721 feet (2,963 m)Lowest Point: Neuendorf bei Wilster at -11 feet (-3.5 m)Germany is a country located in Western and Central Europe. Its capital and largest city is Berlin but other large cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt. Germany is one of the most populous countries of the European Union and it has one of the largest economies in Europe. It is known for its history, high standard of living and cultural heritage. History of Germany: Weimar Republic to Today According to the U.S. Department of State, in 1919 the Weimar Republic was formed as a democratic state but Germany gradually began to experience economic and social problems. By 1929 the government had lost much of its stability as the world entered a depression and the presence of dozens of political parties in Germanys government hampered its ability to create a unified system. By 1932 the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) led by Adolf Hitler was growing in power and in 1933 the Weimar Republic was mostly gone. In 1934 President Paul von Hindenburg died and Hitler, who had been named Reich Chancellor in 1933, became Germanys leader.Once the Nazi Party took power in Germany nearly all democratic institutions in the country were abolished. In addition, Germanys Jewish peoples were jailed as were any members of opposing parties. Shortly thereafter the Nazis began a policy of genocide against the countrys Jewish population. This later became known as the Holocaust and around six m illion Jewish people in both Germany and other Nazi occupied areas were killed. In addition to the Holocaust, Nazi governmental policies and expansionist practices eventually led to World War II. This later destroyed Germanys political structure, economy and many of its cities.On May 8, 1945 Germany surrendered and the United States, United Kingdom, USSR and France took control under what was called Four Power Control. Initially Germany was to be controlled as a single unit, but eastern Germany soon became dominated by Soviet policies. In 1948 the USSR blockaded Berlin and by 1949 East and West Germany were created. West Germany, or the Federal Republic of Germany, followed principles set forth by the U.S. and U.K., while East Germany was controlled by the Soviet Union and its communist policies. As a result, there was severe political and social unrest in Germany throughout most of the mid-1900s and in the 1950s millions of East Germans fled to the west. In 1961 the Berlin Wall was constructed, officially dividing the two.By the 1980 pressure for political ref orm and German unification was growing and in 1989 the Berlin Wall fell and in 1990 the Four Power Control ended. As a result, Germany began to unify itself and on December 2, 1990 it held the first all German elections since 1933. Since the 1990s, Germany has continued to regain its political, economic and social stability and today it is known for having a high standard of living and a strong economy. Government of Germany Today Germanys government is considered a federal republic. It has an executive branch of government with a chief of state who is the countrys president and a head of government who is known as the chancellor. Germany also has a bicameral legislature made up of the Federal Council and the Federal Diet. Germanys judicial branch consists of the Federal Constitutional Court, the Federal Court of Justice and the Federal Administrative Court. The country is divided into 16 states for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Germany Germany has a very strong, modern economy that is considered the fifth largest in the world. In addition, according to the CIA World Factbook, it is one of the worlds most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal cement and chemicals. Other industries in Germany include machinery production, motor vehicle manufacture, electronics, shipbuilding and textiles. Agriculture also plays a role in Germanys economy and the main products are potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, cabbage, fruit, cattle pigs and dairy products. Geography and Climate of Germany Germany is located in Central Europe along the Baltic and North Seas. It also shares borders with nine different countries - some of which include France, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Belgium. Germany has a varied topography with lowlands in the north, the Bavarian Alps in the south and uplands in the central part of the country. The highest point in Germany is Zugspitze at 9,721 feet (2,963 m), while the lowest is Neuendorf bei Wilster at -11 feet (-3.5 m).The climate of Germany is considered temperate and marine. It has cool, wet winters and mild summers. The average January low temperature for Berlin, the capital of Germany, is 28.6ËšF (-1.9ËšC) and the average July high temperature the city is 74.7ËšF (23.7ËšC).To learn more about Germany, visit the Geography and Maps section on Germany on this website. Source:Central Intelligence Agency. (17 June 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Germany. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html ï » ¿Infoplease.com. (n.d.).Germany: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107568.html United States Department of State. (10 November 2010). Germany. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3997.htm Wikipedia.com. (20 June 2011). Germany - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany

Personal Ethic Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Ethic Statement - Essay Example I affirm Leopold correctly states â€Å"land should be both respected and loved† (Nelson 1). Respecting land means avoiding the use of pesticides because pesticides produce poisoned food. I feel that loving the land means understanding which plants will grow on the land. Respecting and loving the land will bring health benefits. Furthermore, I feel Leopold correctly states the â€Å"land ethics concept affects the people’s health† (Nelson 1). Pesticide-induced food products are unhealthy. Pesticide food is poisoned. Land ethics requires using non-pesticide inputs. Health-based management of the land will increase economic benefits. Moreover, I confirm Leopold’s land ethics ensures higher economic benefits. Leopold correct insisted that â€Å"people must take care of the land’s health† (Nelson 1). Most health-conscious persons will not buy the pesticide-induced food products. The same individuals will patronize pesticide-absent grown food. Consequently, selling pesticide-absent food generates high food sales. Concluding, I personally affirm Leopold’s land ethics concept of compulsory ethics-based healthy land management. I propose the right future land management requires planting foods that will thrive best on the land. Likewise, I insist that right future land management requires avoidance of poison-based pesticides inputs. I adhere to Leopold’s espousing the healthy management of the land will result to a healthy environment. Evidently, I affirm land-inclusive ethics rightfully governs the actions of human